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Data & AI

Hubble Lakehouse — Big Data Architecture & Space Weather

Medallion Big Data pipeline, batch and streaming: Hubble telescope observations joined with NOAA space weather, served as 4 business datamarts.

Client
M1 Data Engineering & AI academic project - EFREI Paris
Year
2026
Expertise
Data & AI
Services
Data Engineering, Lakehouse Architecture, Streaming, DevOps
Tools
  • Apache Spark
  • Airflow
  • HDFS
  • Kubernetes
  • Power BI

Context

Design an end-to-end Lakehouse architecture to ingest, clean and expose heterogeneous data: a massive history of more than 30 years of observations and a continuous space weather feed.

Our approach

A Big Data pipeline (Medallion architecture) processes, in batch and streaming, the metadata of Hubble telescope observations joined with space weather (NOAA), to feed four business datamarts.

  • Physicist Datamart

    Sky mapping to identify over-observed regions and the blind spots of research.

  • Chemist Datamart

    Spectrographic analysis of narrow-band filters (hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur).

  • Biologist Datamart

    Detection of observations corrupted by solar flares (NOAA space weather).

  • Engineer Datamart

    Maintenance tracking and how instrument calibration times evolve over time.

Deliverables

A fully working end-to-end Big Data pipeline: source code versioned on GitHub, a JWT-secured API, a video demo of the data flows and a Power BI decision report split into four business pages.

Medallion architecture

From telescope to dashboard

Two sources, three HDFS layers, a Hive catalogue and a secured API. Select a component to read the technical choices.

Sources

MAST Hubble & NOAA SWPC

Massive history of Hubble observations (MAST CSV export) batch-loaded into a PostgreSQL source table; JSON space weather feed from the NOAA SWPC API consumed continuously.

  • MAST CSV
  • PostgreSQL
  • NOAA SWPC API

Tech stack

Tooling

Sources & Storage

  • PostgreSQL
  • HDFS
  • Parquet

Processing & Engine

  • Apache Spark
  • Structured Streaming
  • Spark SQL

Governance & Orchestration

  • Apache Hive Metastore
  • Apache Airflow (DAGs)

Backend & API

  • Python
  • Flask
  • JWT
  • Gunicorn

DevOps & Infra

  • Docker
  • Kubernetes
  • GitLab CI/CD

Visualisation

  • Power BI (4 business pages)
View the full source code (GitHub)(new tab)

Built by Kévin HEUGAS & Valentin MASSONNIERE: Airflow DAGs, Spark jobs, Flask API and Kubernetes manifests.

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